前綴ex-,e-,ef-,ec-詞源、意思和例詞
下面重點看一下ex-的主要意思“out”。
1．在外邊，向外
expressly, elucidate, expedite
2．向上，伸展地
elated, extol, elongate
3．盡，沒有了地，火滅了地
extinct, effete
4．挑選，捏出，拔出
emend, effigy
5．去除，擺脫，使分離
expurgate, exorbitant, extenuate
6．徹底地，完全地，到最終，到最后，大聲地，聽得見地
extant, edict
7．表強調[非常，用力]
exalt, efficacious, exhort
另外，前綴ex-還會出現輔音字母同化和輔音字母脫落等變形現象。
1．E(在輔音字母b，d，g．j．I，m,n，r，v之前]
ebullition, editorial, egregious, ejection, eligible, emanate, enervate, eradicate,evacuation
2．EF(在輔音字母f之前]
efficiency, effeminate
3、EC(在輔音字母c，l，s，t，z之前]
eccentric, eclectic, ecstasy, appendectomy, eczema
4．ES(在輔音字母c之前]
escort, escapism
5．EX(ex之后的輔音字母s脫落]
ex( s)piration, ex(s)tirpate, ex(s)istence
此外，前綴ex-還有一些同義前綴out-,
例詞：
1.emit [(e<ox (=out) +mit (=send)向外寄送]
vt. give off．send or send out; signal; issue paper money．etc. 散發(fā)光、熱、聲音、味道等，發(fā)出，發(fā)射；發(fā)出信號；發(fā)行紙幣等
emission 發(fā)射；紙幣發(fā)行 emissary 使者，密使
舉例： Smoke detectors emit a waming sound when the battery is low.
當電池電量低時，煙霧報警器會發(fā)出警告聲。
2.enumerate [(e<ex( =out) +numer( =number)徹底地數、列舉）]
vt. count a list of articles naming them one by one 逐一清點，列舉
enumeration 逐一清點，列舉；細目，目錄，一覽表
舉例： The teacher enumerated the pupil's mistakes before punishing him
老師在懲罰那個學生之前先逐一列舉了他所犯的錯。
3.evoke [(e<ex( =out, up) +vok/
vt. call forth or summon a spirit, etc; draw forth or elicit a particular mental image reaction, etc. 招出靈魂等；引起，喚起 evocation 喚出，喚起
evocative 喚出的，喚起的
舉例： That song evokes pleasant high school memories for me.
那首歌喚起了我中學時的美好回憶。
4.exalt [(ex( =out, intensive) +alt( =high)使上得非常高]
vt. make higher in status, power, dignity, honor, wealth, etc., praise highly; lift
someone up 提高或提升地位、權力、品位、名譽、財膏等；贊揚；使喜悅，使得意洋洋 exaltation 提高，晉升；贊揚；得意洋洋 exalted 有品位的，高貴的
舉例：Vice Presidents are sometimes suddenly exalted to the Presidency by assassinations. 副總統(tǒng)偶爾會因暗殺事件而突然晉升為總統(tǒng)。
5.expend [(ex( =out) +pend( =pay，weigh)支付以使某物完盡、沒有了]
vt. sth+on+sth spend; use up 使用，消費；消耗，用光 expenditure 支出，經費
expense費用，支出；犧牲 expensive 昂貴的 expendable可花費的
舉例： About 28% of the library's annual budget is expended on new acquisitions.
那家圖書館年預算中的28%左右都用來購置新書。
6.expressly [(ex (=out) +press (=press)下壓擠出外邊]
adv．definitely, plainly; specially,on purpose 明白地，清楚地；特別地，故意地
express 表達，表示；快遞；明白的，明示的；快遞的，快速的；快車，快件；捷運公司 expression 表達；措辭；表情 expressionism 表現主義 expressive 表現的，顯示的 expressionless 無表情的，無表達的
舉例： The web site was oxpreuly created to support recently widowed women.
那家網站是為支持那些近來失去丈夫的女性們特別創(chuàng)建的。
7.extinc [(ex( =out) +tinct<stinct(=prick)用針剌使變沒有了]
adj. no longer in existence, having died out;no longer buming, no longer active不再存在的；消亡了的，絕種的（滅絕的）；（火）熄滅的，不再活躍的
extinction 消滅，絕種；（火）熄滅，廢止 extinguisher 滅火器 extinguish 熄滅（火）,使消滅
舉例： Hundreds of insect species become extinct each year.
每年都有數百種昆蟲滅絕。
8.extort [(ex( =out) +tort( =twist)扭曲使出來]
vt. sth+from+sb obtain money, etc. from someone by threats, force, etc; exact;wrest 敲詐錢財等；強求約定、坦白等；強取，搶奪 extortion 強求，搶奪，官員的勒索錢財罪 extortionate 價格過于昂貴的，要求
過高的
舉例： The Mafioso extorted money from an old widow to pay her husband's debt.
那個黑手黨成員從一個老寡婦那里敲詐錢替她丈夫還了債。
9.eject [(e<ex( =out) +ject( =throw)向外扔]
vt. compel somebody to leave a place; send out liquid, etc. 攆出，驅逐；噴射液體等，排出 ejection 攆出，排 ecjector 驅逐者，排出器
舉例： After committing 5 fouls,a basketball player is electod from the game.
籃球選手犯規(guī)五次就要被罰下賽場。
10. elongate [(e<ex( =out) +long( =long)使伸展得長長地]
v. make or become long in space 使伸長，拉長，變長 elongation 伸長，延長
舉例： Pull on soft water taffy to elongate it as it cools.
當軟水太妃糖冷卻的時候用力拉它可使它變長。