前綴pre-詞源、用法和例詞
詞源：
前綴pre-與前綴post- 是一對(duì)相反的詞綴，它來(lái)源拉丁介副詞prae,原意為before,beforehand 或in front，即表示時(shí)間或空間上的“前”。pre- 原是個(gè)有副詞含義的原生詞，出現(xiàn)于拉丁語(yǔ)源的原生詞中。但自15世紀(jì)以來(lái)，它成為一個(gè)活性的派生詞綴，能與許多單詞綴合，起介詞性或修辭性的作用。當(dāng)介詞性的pre- 與名詞綴合時(shí)，可能改變?cè)~基單詞的詞性。當(dāng)派生前綴pre-出現(xiàn)在以e開頭的單詞或大寫字母時(shí)，要加連接字符。此外，應(yīng)注意原生前綴pre-中的e讀短音/I/,而派生前綴pre- 中的e念長(zhǎng)音/i:/。
英語(yǔ)詞源：
word-forming element meaning "before," from Old French pre- and Medieval Latin pre-, both from Latin prae (adverb and preposition) "before in time or place," from PIE *peri- (cognates: Oscan prai, Umbrian pre, Sanskrit pare "thereupon," Greek parai "at," Gaulish are- "at, before," Lithuanian pre "at," Old Church Slavonic pri "at," Gothic faura, Old English fore "before"), extended form of root *per- (1)"beyond" (see per).
The Latin word was active in forming verbs. Also see prae-. Sometimes in Middle English muddled with words in pro- or per-.
前綴PRE來(lái)源于拉丁語(yǔ)，意為“before”，下面重點(diǎn)看一下PRE的主要意思"before”。
1.先前，前，早一點(diǎn)，以前
predilection, preview, pretext
2.前面，提前，在前面的，向前,預(yù)先
prefatory, preamble, precipice
此外，前綴pre-還有一些同義前綴，它們也具有“事先，以前”的意思；還有一些反義詞綴，它們具有“后面，以后”的意思。
1．同義前綴:ante,fore
2.反義詞綴：post,retro,re
例詞：
1.precaution [pre（=before）+cau( =take care)事先小心，注意]
n. care taken in advance to avoid a risk 小心，警惕，預(yù)防
precautionary 預(yù)防的，警惕的
舉例： As a precaution, please fasten your seat belt before starting the car.
作為一種預(yù)防措施，請(qǐng)?jiān)诎l(fā)動(dòng)汽車之前系好安全帶。
2.prevail [pre( =before) +vail( =strength,worth)力量領(lǐng)先的]
v.gain victory over; be widespread; be generally seen, done, etc.; be effective;
persuade 占優(yōu)勢(shì)，戰(zhàn)勝；普及，盛行；有效；說(shuō)服
prevailing 占優(yōu)勢(shì)的；普及的，流行的；有效的；占支配地位的 prevalent 普及的，流行的 prevalence 普及，流行
舉例： Although the team was down in the 3rd quarter, in the end they prevalled.
雖然那個(gè)隊(duì)在第三局處于劣努，不過(guò)最終他們還是贏了。
3.predecessor [pre( =before) +de( =down) +cess( =go)領(lǐng)先往下走]
n. former holder of any office or position; ancestor; thing to which another has succeeded 前任；祖先；被代替的原有事物
舉例： The new Miss America was crowned by her predecessor.
前任美國(guó)小姐給新當(dāng)選的美國(guó)小姐戴上了桂冠。
4.premature [(pre( =before) +mat( =ripe)早一點(diǎn)熟的]
adj. happening or coming before the proper time; too early, untimely 時(shí)機(jī)尚早的；太早的．不到期的；早產(chǎn)的
舉例： It would be premature to fire her; she's still learning her job.
現(xiàn)在解雇她為時(shí)尚早，她還在熟悉工作。
5.prescibe [(pre( =before) +scrib( =write)事先寫]
v. set down as a direction or rule; order as a medical treatment 規(guī)定，命令；開處方
prescription 處方；命令，指示，規(guī)定，法規(guī) prescript 命令，規(guī)定，法令，法律
prescriptive 規(guī)定的，規(guī)范的；約定俗成的
舉例： The doctor prescribed some tranquilizers and a few days of rest.
醫(yī)生開了一些鎮(zhèn)靜劑，讓休息幾天。
6.presume [(pre(=before)+sum(=take)事先抓住、思考]
v. make supposition; venture; make a wrong use of 推斷；擅自（做）,冒昧（做）
presumption 推斷；放肆；專橫 presumptuous 放肆的；專橫的；傲慢的
presumable 可以推斷的 presuming 放肆的，冒昧的 presumptive 推斷的
presumably 據(jù)推測(cè)；可能
舉例：I prosume you'll beflying, not driving, right?
我猜你會(huì)坐飛機(jī)，而不是自己開車，對(duì)吧？
7.preview [(pre(=before)+view( =look)事先看]
n. view of a film,play,etc. betore it is shown to the general public 電影等的試映，預(yù)演
vt. have a preview of 試映，預(yù)演
舉例：l first saw Raiders of the Lost Ark at a sneak preview——and love it!
第一次看<奪寶奇兵>是在試映會(huì)土，我很喜歡！
8.preclude [(pre (=before) +clud( =shut)事先關(guān)上，關(guān)押起來(lái)]
adj. prevent; make impossible in advance 阻止，妨礙；排除；防止
preclusion n. 排除；妨礙；防止 preclusive adj. 排除的；妨礙的；防止的
舉例： Some medical conditions preclude getting facial cosmetic surgery.
有些醫(yī)療條件會(huì)妨礙臉部整形手術(shù)。
9.predominant [(pre( =before) +domin（=master）提前征服、熟練、精通]
adj. having more power or influence than others; prevailing; conspicuous 突出的，支配的；主要的，占優(yōu)勢(shì)的；顯著的，顯眼的
predominate 支配；占優(yōu)勢(shì)
predominance 支配；優(yōu)勢(shì)；顯著 predominantly 支配地；顯著地
舉例： The predominant color in her decorating scheme is taupe.
她的裝飾方案以褐灰色為主色。
10.preamble [(pre( =before) +ambl<ambul( =walk, go)捉前走、去]
n. introduction or preliminary statement, especially to a formal statement （正式文書的）序言，前言
舉例： My editor asked me to write a short preamble to my latest book.
編輯讓我為我的新書寫一篇簡(jiǎn)短的序言。
11.precipice [pre(=betore) +cip( =head,take)頭在前邊的]
n. vertical or very steep face of a rock,cliff or mountain;critical situation 絕壁，懸崖；危急的處境
precipilate 猛拋下；促進(jìn)；倉(cāng)促的 precipitately 倉(cāng)促地；陡然下降地；冷不防地
precipitalion 投下，落下；急促；降水量 precipitous 似懸崖峭壁的，陡峭的，險(xiǎn)峻的
舉例： The liffle boy climbed onto the precipice and got stranded there.
那個(gè)小男孩爬上懸崖，站在那里孤立無(wú)援。
12.preferment [(pre(=before)+fer（=carry）向前搬運(yùn)]
n. the act of moving up to a higher rank or position 晉升，提升
prefer 更喜歡…preference 更喜歡；優(yōu)先權(quán)；特惠 preferential 優(yōu)先的；特惠的
preferable 更好的，更可取的 preferably 更好地，更可取地
舉例： He is a gentleman who never sought preferment at the cost of personal integrity.
他是一位從不以犧牲自己的人格為代價(jià)去追求晉升的紳士。
13.preposterous [(pre(=before)+poster（=coming after）本來(lái)應(yīng)該在后面的來(lái)到前面]
adj. with and first last and the last first;contrary to nature,reason,or common sense as to be laughable;absurd 前后顛倒的；反常的；不合理的，荒謬的
preposterously 荒謬地，不合理地
舉例：He makes the preposterous claim that he is the best tennis player in the state.
他荒唐地宣稱自己是那個(gè)州最優(yōu)秀的網(wǎng)球選手。
14.precedent [pre（=before）+ced( =go)領(lǐng)先走]
n. something that serves as an example for the future 前例，憲例，判例
precede 領(lǐng)先 precedence 優(yōu)先 preceding 在先的，在前的，前面的
precedented 有先例的
舉例： Some say the government's decision to continue logging sets a dangerous precedent.
有人說(shuō)政府繼續(xù)伐木的決定開了一個(gè)危險(xiǎn)的先例。
15.predicament [(pre(=before) +dic( =say)提前說(shuō)]
n. a condition or situation that is difficult, unpleasant, embarrassing or, sometimes,comical 困境．窘境
舉例： The world is in a real prodicament with the proliferation of nuclear weapons.
世界因?yàn)楹宋淦鞯膭≡龆萑肜Ь场?/p>
16.premeditated [pre(=before) +med（=attend to, measure, heal）事先注意、測(cè)量]
adj. thinking out, planning or considering beforehand 事先想好的，有計(jì)劃的
premeditate 預(yù)先考慮 premeditation 預(yù)先設(shè)想
舉例： Her slapping you wasn't a promeditated act. She was just very angry.
她不是有意想打你，只是當(dāng)時(shí)太生氣了。
17.pretext [ pre(=before) +text( =weave)事先編織、編造]
n. a false reason or motive put forth to hide the real one 借口，托辭
舉例： She used her mild cold as a pratext for missing work today.
今天她以輕微感冒為借口沒(méi)去上班。
18.precept [(pre(=before) +cept( =take)亨先抓住]
n. moral instruction 訓(xùn)誡，戒律
preceptor 教師；訓(xùn)誡者
舉例： One of the main precepts the Boy Scouts is to be "morally straight and clean".
童子軍的主要戒律之一是“思想端正純潔”。
19.precocious [pre（=before）+coc( =to mature, cook)早一點(diǎn)成熟]
adj. having developed certain faculties earlier than is normal 早熟的，較早具備某種能力的 precocity 早熟
舉例： She's a precocious tot. She could already read at 3.
她是個(gè)早慧的孩子，三歲的時(shí)候就會(huì)讀書識(shí)字了。
20.predilection [pre(=before) +di<dis( =apart) +lect( =choose)事先個(gè)別地挑出來(lái)]
n. special liking, mental preference 特別喜歡，偏愛(ài)
舉例：I have a strong predilection for sweets.
我特別喜歡甜食。
21.premonition [(pre(=before) + mon（=warn, advise, remind）事先警告、使想起]
n. feeling of uneasiness considered as a warning of approaching anger, etc. 預(yù)感，預(yù)告；前兆 premonitory 預(yù)告的，前兆的
舉例：I had a promonition that we were going to have an earthquake.
我預(yù)感到了我們會(huì)遭遇地震。
22.prerogative [pre( =before) +rog( =ask)比某人率先提出要求]
n. a right or privilege that belongs to a person, class, etc. according to rank or position 特權(quán)，大權(quán)
舉例：lt's the mayor's prerogative to choose the 4th of July speaker each year.
迭擇每年獨(dú)立紀(jì)念日（7月4日）的演講者是市長(zhǎng)的特權(quán)。
23.pretentious [(pre(=before)+tent( =stretch)向前伸展]
adj.claiming great merit or importance 自負(fù)的；炫耀的，夸張的，虛張聲勢(shì)的
pretend 裝作…；自稱 pretense 虛偽；做作 pretension 自負(fù)，自居，虛張聲勢(shì)；虛飾；主張 pretender 偽裝者；妄想者
舉例： The people at the country club aren't protentious at all. They’re very nice!
那個(gè)鄉(xiāng)村俱樂(lè)部的人一點(diǎn)都不自以為是，他們很友好！
24.precursor [(pre( =before) +curs( =run)事先、率先跑]
n. to sign; harbinger, forerunner;a predecessor as in office 征兆，預(yù)告；先驅(qū)者，先覺(jué)者；前任 precursory 先驅(qū)的；預(yù)兆的；預(yù)備的
舉例：It has been said the Poe's novels were precursors to the modem detective novel.
坡的小說(shuō)被認(rèn)為是現(xiàn)代偵探小說(shuō)的先驅(qū)。
25.preempt [pre（=before）+empt (=take)亨先抓住、采取]
v. obtain by preemption; occupy public land so as to have the right of preemption; do something to frustrate the aggressive plans 通過(guò)優(yōu)先購(gòu)買權(quán)得到；為了得到優(yōu)先購(gòu)買權(quán)而占有（公地）；先發(fā)制人，搶先取得，
事先獲得
preemption 優(yōu)先購(gòu)買（權(quán)）；優(yōu)先獲取 preemptive 先取得的；優(yōu)先購(gòu)買（權(quán)） 的；先發(fā)制人的
舉例： The special news bulletin preempted regular programming.
特別新聞快報(bào)取代了常規(guī)播放的節(jié)目。
26.prefatory [pre(=before)+fa( =say)先說(shuō)]
adj. of a preface; introductory 序言的，前言的
preface 序言，前言
舉例： Before giving my speech, l'd like to make a few pretatory remarks.
在開始演講之前，我想先說(shuō)幾句開場(chǎng)白。
27.presage [pre(=betore) +sag( =perceive)事先感覺(jué)、感知]
v. foretell, be a sign of, predict: have a presentiment of 預(yù)告，預(yù)示，預(yù)言；預(yù)知，預(yù)感
n. omen,a feeling that something is going to happen, foretelling 前兆，預(yù)告；預(yù)感
舉例： Chest and arm pains, nausea, and shortness of breath can presage a heart attack.
胸口和胳膊疼痛、惡心、呼吸困難都可能是心臟病的前兆。
28.presentiment [pre( =before) +sent( =feel)事先感覺(jué)]
n. vague feeling that something unpleasant or undesirable is about to happen 預(yù)感,直覺(jué)
舉例： l've had a presentiment all day that something extraordinary is going to happen.
我一整天都感覺(jué)好像要發(fā)生什么特別的事情似的。
29.prestigious [pre( =before) +stig<string( =prick, bind)事先刺，捆綁]
adj. bringing the influence or reputation gained by one's achievement, abilities,position, etc. 出名的，聞名于世的，有名望的，名門的 prestige 名望，威望
舉例： He was hired directty out of law school by a very prestigious law firm.
他一從法學(xué)院畢業(yè)就被一家有名的律師事務(wù)所錄用。
30.prescience [(pre(=before)+sci( =know)事先知道]
n. apparent knowledge of things before they happen or come into being 預(yù)知，先見(jiàn)
prescient 預(yù)知的，有先見(jiàn)之明的
舉例： Thanks to his prescience, he got out of the stock market betore it fell.
幸虧他有先見(jiàn)之明，得以在股市下跌之前脫身。
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