英語有哪些基本句式?
英語句子看上去紛繁龐雜，但仔細(xì)觀察不外乎五個(gè)基本句式。這五個(gè)基本句式可以演變出多種復(fù)雜的英語句子。換言之，絕大多數(shù)英語句子都是由這五個(gè)基本句式生成的。這五個(gè)基本句式如下：
S十V主謂結(jié)構(gòu)
S十V十F主系表結(jié)構(gòu)
S十V十O主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)
S十V十O1十O2 主謂雙賓結(jié)構(gòu)
S十V十O十C 主謂賓補(bǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)
說明：S=主語;V=謂語;P=表語;O=賓語;O1=間接賓語;O2=直接賓語;C=賓語補(bǔ)足語
五個(gè)基本句式詳細(xì)解釋如下：
1.S十V句式
在此句式中，V是不及物動(dòng)詞，又叫自動(dòng)詞(vi.)。例如：
He runs quickly.
他跑得快。
They listened carefully.
他們聽得很仔細(xì)。
He suffered from cold and hunger.
他挨凍受餓。
China belongs to the third world country.
中國(guó)屬于第三世界國(guó)家。
The gas has given out.
煤氣用完了。
My ink has run out.
我的鋼筆水用完了。
2.S十V十P句式
在此句式中，V是系動(dòng)詞(link v.)，常見的系動(dòng)詞有：look，seem，appear，sound，feel，taste，smell，grow，get，fall ill/asleep，stand/sit still，become，turn等。例如：
He is older than he looks.
他比看上去要老。
He seen interested in the book.
他似乎對(duì)這本書感興趣。
The story sounds interesting.
這個(gè)故事聽起來有趣。
The desk feels hard.
書桌摸起來很硬。
The cake tastes nice.
餅嘗起來很香。
The flowers smell sweet and nicc.
花聞起來香甜。
You have grown taller than before.
你長(zhǎng)得比以前高了。
He has suddenly fallen ill.
他突然病倒了。
He stood quite still.
他靜靜地站看。
He becomes a teacher when he grew up.
他長(zhǎng)大后當(dāng)了教師。
He could never turn traitor to his country.
他永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)背叛他的祖國(guó)。
注意：有些動(dòng)詞同時(shí)也是及物動(dòng)詞，可構(gòu)成SVO句式，例如：
He looked me up and down.
他上下打量我。
He reached his hand to feel the elephant.
他伸出手來摸象。
They are tasting the fish.
他們?cè)谄穱L魚。
They grow rice in their home town.
他們?cè)诩亦l(xiāng)種水稻。
He's got a chair to sit on.
他有椅子坐。
Please turn the sentence into English.
請(qǐng)把這個(gè)句于澤成英語。
3.S十V十O句式
在此句式中，V是及物動(dòng)詞(vt.)，因此有賓語。例如：
I saw a film yesterday.
我昨天看了一部電影。
Have you read the story?
你讀過這個(gè)故事嗎?
They found their home easily.
他們很容易找到他們的家。
They built a house last year.
他們?nèi)ツ杲艘凰孔印?/p>
They've put up a factory in the village.
他們?cè)诖謇锝艘蛔S。
They have taken good care of the children.
這些孩子他們照看得很好。
You should look after your children well.
你應(yīng)該好好照看你的孩子。
4.S十V十O1十O2句式
在此句式中，V是帶有雙賓語的及物動(dòng)詞。常見的須帶雙賓語的動(dòng)詞有g(shù)ive，ask，bring，offer，send，pay，lend，show，tell，buy，get;rob，warn等。例如：
He gave me a book/a book to me.
他給我一本書。
He brought me a pen/a pen to me.
他帶給我一枝鋼筆。
He offered me his seat/his seat to me.
他把座位讓給我。
注意下邊動(dòng)詞改寫后介詞的變化：
Mother bought me a book/a book for me.
媽媽給我買了一本書。
He got me a chair/a chair for me.
他給我弄了一把椅子。
Please do me a favor/a favor for me.
請(qǐng)幫我一下。
He asked me a question/a question of me.
他問我個(gè)問題。
注意，下邊動(dòng)詞只有一種說法：
They robbed the old man of his money.
他們搶了老人的錢。
He's warned me of the danger.
他警告我注意危險(xiǎn)。
The doctor has cured him of his disease.
醫(yī)生治好了他的病。
We must rid the house of th erats.
我們必須趕走屋里的老鼠。
They deprived him of his right to speak.
他們剝奪了他說話的權(quán)利。
5.S十V十O十C句式
在此句式中，V是有賓語補(bǔ)足語的及物動(dòng)詞。常帶賓語補(bǔ)足語的詞有形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、名詞、不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞。
常見的可接賓語補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞很多，哪些動(dòng)詞可接哪幾種形式作賓補(bǔ)，須根據(jù)動(dòng)詞的慣用法而定，不能統(tǒng)而概論。請(qǐng)看下面的例子。
They made the girl angry.
他們使這個(gè)女孩生氣了。
They found her happy that day.
他們發(fā)現(xiàn)那天她很高興。
I found him out.
我發(fā)現(xiàn)他出去了。
I saw him in.
我見他在家。
They saw a foot mark in the sand.
他們發(fā)現(xiàn)沙地上有腳印。
They named the boy Charlie.
他們給這個(gè)男孩起名為查理。
I saw him come in and go out.
我見他進(jìn)來又出去。
They felt the car moving fast.
他們感到汽車行駛得很快。
I heard the glass broken just now.
我剛才聽到玻璃碎了。
He found the doctor of study closed to him.
他發(fā)現(xiàn)研究所的大門對(duì)他關(guān)閉了。