no matter的用法
在講解浙江大學(xué)出版的《新編大學(xué)英語(yǔ)》基礎(chǔ)教程Unit 3的寫(xiě)作練習(xí)時(shí)，遇到這樣一句話：
No matter whether he had been invited or not, he was there to celebrate Wu You's birthday. 無(wú)論他是否被邀請(qǐng)參加，他去了就是為了慶賀吳莜的生日。
對(duì)于whether... or not前是否能用no matter，部分學(xué)生感到疑惑。他們說(shuō)，見(jiàn)過(guò)no matter who, no matter what, no matter how, no matter where, no matter when等，沒(méi)見(jiàn)過(guò)no matter whether... or not?？梢?jiàn)，對(duì)于no matter的用法他們只知其一，不知其二。
針對(duì)這一情況，筆者特將no matter的用法歸納、整理如下。
1. 詞組no matter可獨(dú)立成句，也可在句中擔(dān)當(dāng)成分。如：
1) No matter! 不要緊！
2) No matter, I'll go myself. 不礙事，我自個(gè)兒去。
3) No matter if they do not take this factor into consideration. 如果他們不考慮這個(gè)因素，那無(wú)關(guān)緊要。
4) It is (of ) no matter. (no matter在句中作表語(yǔ)或of的賓語(yǔ)。) 這無(wú)關(guān)緊要。
5) I had something to say, but it's no matter. 我本來(lái)有句話要說(shuō)，但不是很重要。
2. 詞組no matter在it作形式主語(yǔ)、真正主語(yǔ)位于句末的句子中作表語(yǔ)。如：
1) It is no matter that he didn't phone. 他沒(méi)打電話沒(méi)關(guān)系。
2) It made no matter to him that his brother lost all his money. 他哥哥把所有的錢都弄丟了，這對(duì)他來(lái)說(shuō)是無(wú)關(guān)緊要的。
3) It's no matter whether you get there early or late. 不論你到那里早或晚都無(wú)關(guān)緊要。
3. no matter與疑問(wèn)詞who, what, where, when, how, if, whether等連用，意為“無(wú)論，不管”。如：
1) Don't open the door, no matter who comes. 不管誰(shuí)來(lái)都別開(kāi)門。
2) Don't trust him, no matter what he says. 無(wú)論他說(shuō)什么，都別相信他。
3) No matter where you work, you can always find time to study. 無(wú)論你在哪里工作，你都能找到時(shí)間學(xué)習(xí)。
4) No matter when and how the invaders come, they will be wiped out clean. 無(wú)論侵略者什么時(shí)候來(lái)，怎樣來(lái)，他們必將被消滅得一干二凈。
5)—Are you going home? 你回家嗎？
—Not yet. No matter how hard I work, there is always more to do. 還不行。不管我干得多么賣力，總是有做不完的工作。
6) Mary wanted to get to school on time, no matter if she went without breakfast. 瑪麗就是不吃早餐也要準(zhǔn)時(shí)趕到學(xué)校。
7) No matter whether it is light or dark at that hour, we've decided to leave at five o'clock in the morning. 不管到時(shí)候是否天亮，我們都已決定早晨5點(diǎn)離開(kāi)。
no matter who (what, when, where, how, whether等)引導(dǎo)的從句通常在句中作狀語(yǔ)，表示讓步，但有時(shí)也可在句中作賓語(yǔ)。如：
8) The man who is lazy radiates laziness in no matter what situation he be observed. [no matter what situation he be observed 在句中作in的賓語(yǔ)。另外，該從句中的謂語(yǔ)用了虛擬語(yǔ)氣現(xiàn)在時(shí)(即動(dòng)詞原形)］不管什么情況下觀察他，那個(gè)懶漢都顯得很懶。
4. 有時(shí)， no matter what, no matter who, no matter when等可用于句末或句中。如：
1) We have to get to the airport on time, no matter what. 我們無(wú)論如何也要準(zhǔn)時(shí)趕到機(jī)場(chǎng)。
2) They're going to win no matter what. 他們無(wú)論如何都要贏。
3) Anyone, no matter who, may point out our shortcomings. 不管是什么人，都可以指出我們的缺點(diǎn)。
5. 有時(shí)，在no matter what引出的從句中要省略謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。如：
1) No matter what the excuse, you must not be late. 不管有什么借口，你一定不要遲到。
2) No matter how small a drop of water we might study under the microscope, we could not see the hydrogen and oxygen in it. (we might study under the microscope作定語(yǔ)修飾a drop of water) 可以放在顯微鏡下進(jìn)行研究的水滴無(wú)論怎么微小，我們都不能看到其中的氫和氧。
3) She would be calm, no matter what the provocation. 無(wú)論受到怎樣的挑釁，她都能鎮(zhèn)定自若。
以上no matter what引出的從句中均省略了謂語(yǔ)is。