現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)練習(xí)題及答案
1)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)通常表示在說(shuō)話之前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。說(shuō)話人強(qiáng)調(diào)的是該動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果或影響。
My daughter has just gone out. 我女兒剛出去。
I‟m sure we‟ve met before. 我肯定我們以前見(jiàn)過(guò)面。
She has arrived. 她到了。
2)表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，往往和包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用，如recently, already, just, lately, for…, since…,yet等。如：
I haven‟t heard from her these days. 這些日子我沒(méi)有收到她的信。
We haven‟t seen you recently. 最近我們沒(méi)有見(jiàn)到你。
They have been away for two years. 他們離開(kāi)已經(jīng)兩年了。
She has been with us since Monday.
★注意：
a) since和for的區(qū)別
since后接時(shí)間點(diǎn)，如1993，last term, yesterday, the time I got there for后接一段時(shí)間，表示“長(zhǎng)達(dá)多久”，如ten years, a while, two days等。
Exercise: 用since和for填空
1. Jim has been in Ireland ______ Monday.
2. Jill has been in Ireland ______ three days.
3. His aunt has lived in Australia ______15 days.
4. Mary is in her office. She has been there ______ 7 o'clock.
5.India has been an independent country ______1974.
6. The bus is late. They've been waiting ______ 20 minutes.
7. Nobody lives in those houses. They have been empty ______ many years.
8. Mike has been ill ______a long time. He has been in hospital ______ October.
1. since 2. for 3. for 4. since 5. since 6. for 7. for 8. since
1)表示短暫意義的動(dòng)詞如arrive, leave, borrow, buy, begin, start, die等，在完成時(shí)當(dāng)中不能和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用，因?yàn)樗鼈儽硎镜膭?dòng)作不可能持續(xù)。因此，不能說(shuō)：
He has come here for 2 weeks. ×
The old man has died for 4 months. ×
They have left only for 5 minutes. ×
以上三句話可以改為：
He has been here for 2 weeks.
The old man has ______ _______ for 4 months.
They have _____ _____ only for 5 minutes
2)have (has) been 和have (has) gone的區(qū)別：表示“曾到過(guò)某地”要用 “have (has) been”; 表示“已經(jīng)去某地”要用 “have (has) gone”。試比較：
Where has he been? 他剛才到哪里去了?(已經(jīng)回來(lái)了)
Where has he gone? 他上哪兒去了?(人不在)
They have been to Canada. 他們到過(guò)加拿大。(現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在加拿大)
They have gone to Canada. 他們到加拿大去了。(可能在路上和已經(jīng)到加拿大).
3)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)不能和表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，如yesterday, last year, in 1976, two days ago, just now, when I came in，但可以和already, yet, sometimes, always, often, before, lately, recently, once, twice, ever, never等連用。例如：
She has already come. 她已經(jīng)來(lái)了。
I haven‟t read it yet. 我還沒(méi)讀過(guò)這個(gè)。
I have met him before. 我從前曾見(jiàn)過(guò)他。
Ma Hong has always been a good student. 馬紅一直是個(gè)好學(xué)生。
I have often seen him in the street. 我經(jīng)常在街上看見(jiàn)他。
They have never been to Yan‟an. 他們從未去過(guò)延安。
I haven't seen him lately. 我近來(lái)沒(méi)看到他。