分詞或分詞短語作狀語用法
㈠ 分詞或分詞短語作狀語時(shí)，可以表示
時(shí)間、原因、條件、讓步（可轉(zhuǎn)換成相應(yīng)的狀語從句）
① Put into use in April 2000, the hotline was meant for residents reporting water and heating supply breakdowns.
Put into use in April 2000 == When it was put into use in April 2000（時(shí)間狀語）
② Blamed for the breakdown of the school computer network, Alice was in low spirits.
Blamed for the breakdown of the school computer network
== Because she was blamed for the breakdown of the school computer network（原因狀語）
③ Given time, he'll make a fist-class tennis player.（條件狀語）
Given time == If he is given time
④ Left at home, John didn't feel afraid at all.
Left at home == Although he was left （讓步狀語）
表示方式，伴隨狀況或結(jié)果（可以轉(zhuǎn)換成并列句或非限制性定語從句）
① We often provide our children with toys, footballs or basketballs, thinking that all children like these things.
thinking that all children like these things.== and think that all children like these things.（伴隨狀語）
② He earns a living driving a truck.
driving a truck == by driving a truck. （方式狀語）高考對(duì)分詞用作方式狀語考得
③ He fired, killing one of the passers-by.
He fired and killed one of the passers-by. （結(jié)果狀語）
④ He died, leaving his wife with five children.
He died and left his wife with five children. （結(jié)果狀語）
⑤ It rained and rained, vehicles bogged and bridges washed out.
It rained and rained, and vehicles were bogged and bridges were washed out. （結(jié)果狀語）
㈡ 有時(shí)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)，分詞前會(huì)加when, while, if, unless, once, though, even if, as if 等連詞一起作狀語
When comparing different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences.
Though tired, he still continued reading.
Once published， this book will be popular with the students.
㈢ 分詞(短語) 與主語的關(guān)系
主語一致：分詞短語的動(dòng)作由主句主語發(fā)出?？匆韵洛e(cuò)誤
Waiting for the bus, a brick fell on my head.
Hearing the news, tears came into his eyes.
Finding her car stolen, a policeman was asked to help.
When using the computer, the password must be remembered.
有自己主語的分詞結(jié)構(gòu)— 獨(dú)立分詞結(jié)構(gòu)。分詞有自己意義上的主語，分詞的動(dòng)作不由主句主語發(fā)出。
The town seen from the hill，we can see it more clearly
.=If the town is seen from the hill，we can see it more clearly. 如果從山上看這座城市，我們能看得更清楚。
Everything taken into consideration，the party was a success. 將所有的事情考慮在內(nèi)，晚會(huì)算是成功的。
固定表達(dá)方式
在一些表達(dá)說話人態(tài)度的句子中，分詞主語和主句主語不一致，但這些詞已經(jīng)約定俗成，不認(rèn)為是錯(cuò)。
常見的不需要邏輯主語的動(dòng)詞-ing/-ed形式結(jié)構(gòu):
Considering (that)…考慮到 supposing (that)… 如果…… generally speaking 一般說來
frankly speaking 坦白說 Judging from… 從…判斷 talking of… 說到……
Concerning… 關(guān)于 setting aside… 除開…… Coming to… 談到 ……
allowing for… 考慮到…… Proving/provided (that)…假定 supposing/suppose (that)…假如……
Seeing (that)… 既然 …… given (that)… 假設(shè)；如果；考慮到 put frankly 坦白地說
taken as a whole 總的說來
例如：
Put frankly, I don't agree with what he said. 坦白地說，我不同意他說的話。
Given the general state of his health, it may take him a while to recover from the operation.
考慮到他的一般身體狀況，他手術(shù)后恢復(fù)過來可能需要一段時(shí)間。
Supposing he is ill, who will do the work? 假如他病了，誰來做這工作呢？
㈣ 現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞的不同形式
主動(dòng) 被動(dòng)(及物動(dòng)詞)
未發(fā)生 to be done（被動(dòng) 未發(fā)生）
Are you going to attend the meeting to be held next month?
一般 doing（一般主動(dòng)） done（一般被動(dòng)）
Putting down my paper, I walked over to the windows. Did you attend the meeting held last month in Shanghai?
進(jìn)行 doing（主動(dòng) 進(jìn)行） being done（被動(dòng) 進(jìn)行）
Singing a song, he sat down. The question being discussed is very important.
已完成 having done（主動(dòng) 完成） having been done（被動(dòng) 完成）
Having sung a song, he sat down. All flights having been cancelled, they had to take the train
㈤ 分詞完成式的用法 主動(dòng)形式 having done 被動(dòng)形式 having been done
分詞完成式一般用于以下情況：
多次反復(fù)的分詞動(dòng)作
Having failed twice, he didn't want to try again.
Having been there many times, he offered to be our guide.
Having been bitten twice, the postman refused to deliver our letters.
② 分詞動(dòng)作先發(fā)生，分詞動(dòng)作和主句謂語有一段時(shí)間的間隔，且間隔較長(zhǎng)
Having failed to qualify the doctor, he took up teaching.
Having waited in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home.
Having been warned about the thieves, he left his valuables at bank.
如果間隔短，即使分詞動(dòng)作先發(fā)生，我們一般也用分詞一般式，以強(qiáng)調(diào)兩個(gè)動(dòng)作的銜接。
Locking the door, he went home.
Hearing the joke, we burst out laughting.
分詞動(dòng)作本身要持續(xù)很久
Having driven all day,we were rather tired.
Hving been praised for thirty years, he can't stand any criticisms.
Having watered the garden, he began to mow the lawn.（having watered 強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作經(jīng)歷了較長(zhǎng)時(shí)間）
從句分詞后面有表示完成時(shí)態(tài)的狀語標(biāo)志時(shí)
Having seen the film before, I decided not to see it again.
使用分詞完成式以避免混淆
Having eaten the supper, he went out. 吃過晚飯他出門了。
Eating the supper, he went out. 他端著碗出門了。
㈥ 一種易錯(cuò)情況
有些過去分詞已經(jīng)形成了系表結(jié)構(gòu)，因此他們作狀語時(shí)與主句的主語之間是邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系，但仍然用過去分詞形式。例如：
After his journey from abroad, Richard Jones returned home, exhausted.
Lost in thought，she nearly ran into a tree. 陷入沉思，她差點(diǎn)撞到樹上。
lost意為“迷失的”，與邏輯主語連接起來相當(dāng)于Because she was lost…，作原因狀語
類似的過去分詞還有
disappointed, dressed, determined, devoted, tired, exhausted, prepared, seated, caught…