unless和if not引導(dǎo)的否定條件句
兩者都可表示否定的條件,有時(shí)可換用。如:
Come tomorrow unless I phone [if I don't phone]. 要是我沒有打電話,明天就來(lái)。
You won't catch the train unless you hurry [if you don't hurry]. 你要是不趕快,你就趕不上火車了。
但是在下列情況下,通常要用 if ... not 而不用 unless:
1. 當(dāng)從句所引出的情況不是表示主句情況發(fā)生的一種例外而只是一種可能,并且這種可能正是導(dǎo)致主句情況發(fā)生的主要原因時(shí),英語(yǔ)習(xí)慣只用if...not,不用unless。如:
I'll be surprised if he doesn't win. 如果他不贏,我會(huì)感到驚奇。
She'd look nicer if she didn't wear so much make-up. 要是她不過(guò)分打扮,本來(lái)會(huì)更好看的。
I'll be sorry if they do not come tomorrow. 如果他們明天不來(lái),我將感到非常遺憾。
2. 當(dāng)從句內(nèi)容與已知事實(shí)相反時(shí)(即引出虛擬條件時(shí)),通常要用if...not,而不用unless。如:
If he weren't so silly, he would understand. 他要不是那樣傻的話,他就會(huì)明白了。(實(shí)際上他很傻)
If I hadn't stopped her, she would have jumped down. 要不是我阻止了她,她就跳下去了。(實(shí)際上我阻止了她)
unless有時(shí)可引出一個(gè)過(guò)去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的假想法情況,對(duì)前面主句進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明(此時(shí)必須置于主句之后,且前面常用破折號(hào)而不用逗號(hào))。如:
I couldn't have got to the meeting on time—unless I had caught an earlier train. 我不可能及時(shí)趕到會(huì)場(chǎng),除非我趕上了較早一班火車。(事實(shí)是“我”沒有及時(shí)到會(huì))
此句若將unless改為if...not,則成為:
I couldn't have got there If I hadn't caught an earlier train. 如果我沒趕上較早一班火車,我就不能到達(dá)那兒了。(事實(shí)是“我”及時(shí)到會(huì)了)