英語中的被動(dòng)語態(tài)及練習(xí)
一、被動(dòng)語態(tài)的基本形式
1. 被動(dòng)語態(tài)的基本時(shí)態(tài)變化
被動(dòng)語態(tài)通常為十種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)形式, 被動(dòng)語態(tài)由be＋過去分詞構(gòu)成，be隨時(shí)態(tài)的變化而變化。以do為例，各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)形式為：
1) am/is/are +done (過去分詞) 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)
Visitors ___________(request) not to touch the exhibits.
2）was/were done 一般過去時(shí)
I ___________(give) ten minutes to decide which I should choose.
3）has /have been done 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)
All the preparations ___________ (complete).
4）had been done 過去完成時(shí)
By the end of last year, another new gym ___________ (complete) in Beijing.
5）am/is /are being done 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)
A new cinema ___________ (build) here．
6）was/were being done 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)
A meeting ___________ (hold) when I was there.
7）shall/will be done 一般將來時(shí)
Hundreds of jobs ___________ (lose) if the factory closes.
8）should/would be done 過去將來時(shí)
The news ___________ (send) to the soldier's mother.
9）shall/will have been done 將來完成時(shí)
The project ___________ (complete) before July.
10） should/would have been done 過去將來完成時(shí)
He told me that his new clothes ___________ (make) very soon.
2. 被動(dòng)語態(tài)的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)形式
1)帶情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)。其形式為：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋be＋過去分詞。
The baby should ___________ (take) good care of by the baby-sitter.
2) 在使役動(dòng)詞have, make, get以及感官動(dòng)詞see, watch, notice, hear,等后面不定式作賓
語時(shí)，在主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中不定式to要省略，但變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，要加to。
Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. ?
3. 非謂語動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài): v.+ing 形式及不定式 to do 也有被動(dòng)語態(tài)。
I don't like ___________ (laugh) at in the public.
I don't want ___________ (laugh) at in the public.
4. It is said that+從句及其他類似句型
一些表示“據(jù)說”的動(dòng)詞如believe, consider, expect, report, say, suppose, think等可以用于句型“It＋is/was＋過去分詞＋that從句”或“主語＋be＋過去分詞＋to do sth.”。有：It is said that… 據(jù)說,It is reported that…據(jù)報(bào)道，It is believed that…大家相信，It is hoped that…大家希望，It is well known that…眾所周知，It is thought that…大家認(rèn)為，It is suggested that…據(jù)建議。It is said that the boy has passed the exam./ The boy is said to have passed the exam.
二、謂語動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義
1. 英語中有很多動(dòng)詞如lock，open，sell，read，write，wash等，當(dāng)它們被用作不及物動(dòng)詞來描述主語特征時(shí)，常用其主動(dòng)形式 表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義,主語通常是物。
This kind of cloth washes well.
注意：主動(dòng)語態(tài)表被動(dòng)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是主語的特征，而被動(dòng)語態(tài)則強(qiáng)調(diào)外界作用造成的影響。
試比較：
The door won't lock． （指門本身有毛?。?/p>
The door won't be locked.（指不會(huì)有人來鎖門, 指“門沒有鎖”是人的原因）
2. 系動(dòng)詞沒有被動(dòng)形式, 但有些表示感受、感官的連系動(dòng)詞feel, sound, taste, look,smell常以主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。
Your reason sounds reasonable.
三、非謂語動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義
1． 在need，want，require等詞的后面，動(dòng)名詞用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義，其含義相當(dāng)于動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)形式。
The house needs repairing（to be repaired）．這房子需要修理。
2． 形容詞worth后面跟動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義，但不能跟動(dòng)詞不定式；而worthy后面跟動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)形式。
The picture-book is well worth reading．（＝The picture-book is very worthy to be read．）
3. 在too… to…結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式前面可加邏輯主語，所以應(yīng)用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。
This book is too expensive (for me) to buy.
Exercises:
1. It is said that a new robot ____by him in a few days.
A) designed B) has been designed
C) will be designed D) will have been designed
2. She will stop showing off if no notice____ of her.
A) is taken B) takes C) will be taken D) has taken
3. Diamond ____in Brazil in 1971.
A) is found B) has been found C) was found D) had been found
4. “Have you moved into the new flat?” “Not yet. The room____.”
A) has been painted B) is painted C) paints D) is being painted
5. My pictures ____until next Friday.
A) won't develop B) aren't developed
C) don't develop D) won' t be developed
6. Tim ____since he lost his job three weeks ago.
A) had been unemployed B) was unemployed
C) has been unemployed D) has unemployed
7. I'll push the car to the side of the road because we ____if we leave it here.
A) would be fined B) will be fined
C) will being fined D) will have been fined
8. I found a bottle ____dropped on the floor of David's room.
A) was B) had C) had been D) is
9. You ought to have put the milk in the refrigerator. Now ____ sour.
A) I smell B) it is smelt C) it smells D) it is smelling
10. I think much attention ____your pronunciation.
A) must be paid to B) ought to be paid
C) must pay to D) should paid to
11. I don't remember ____the chance to try this method.
A) having been given B) to have been given
C) having given D) to have given
12. The construction of the lab ____by the end of next month.
A) must be completing B) must have been completed
C) will be completing D) will have been completed
13. As we approached the work site, the workers were seen ____the new house.
A) building B) build C) built D) to build
14. The composition ____ any more.
A) need not to be corrected B) doesn't need to be corrected
C) doesn't need be corrected D) need not correct
Keys:
CACDD/CBCCA/ADAB