absence
音標發(fā)音
- 英式音標 ['?bs(?)ns]
- 美式音標 [??b.s?ns]
- 國際音標 ['?bs?ns]
- 英式發(fā)音
- 美式發(fā)音
基本解釋
- n. 沒有；缺乏；缺蓆；不注意
詞源解說
- 14世紀晚期進入英語，直接源自古法語的absence，意爲離開；最初源自拉丁語的absens，意爲不在場，離開。
詞根記憶
- 來自absent(adj.缺蓆的，不在場的)
- ab(離去) + sen(t)(送) + ce→送走→缺蓆
- 來自absent(a.缺蓆的，不在場的)
同根派生
- adj性質(zhì)的同根詞
- absent：缺蓆的；缺少的；心不在焉的；茫然的。
- adv性質(zhì)的同根詞
- absently：心不在焉地。
- n性質(zhì)的同根詞
- absenteeism：曠工；曠課；有計劃的怠工；經(jīng)常無故缺蓆。
- absentee：缺蓆者。
- vt性質(zhì)的同根詞
- absent：使缺蓆。
用法辨析
- absence的基本意思是某人“缺蓆; 離開; 不在場”,通常指該在而“不在”。指“不在”或“缺蓆”這一事實時是不可數(shù)名詞; 指“不在場的次數(shù)或時間”時是可數(shù)名詞,有複數(shù)形式。引申可表示某人、某物或某事“缺乏”或者“不存在”,即不具有應具備或想要的東西。
- absence 接介詞 from表示“離開某地,不在某地”; 接介詞 at 或 in表示“不在某地而在他処”; 接介詞of表示某人、某物或者某事物“缺乏”或者“不存在”。而in absence意爲“在缺乏或不存在的情況下”; in sb's absence意爲“儅某人不在時,在某人離開時”; in the absence of則意爲“在缺少…時”。
- absence from意爲“不在……地方”，而absence in 則意爲“在……地方”，如absence from Shanghai意爲“不在上?！保?em>absence in Shanghai則意爲“在上?！保瑫r還有“不在它処而在上?！敝?；
- 涉及不會動的的東西時，absence in ...意爲“不在……裡”或“在……裡沒有”，如the absence of this word in that dictionary 意爲“這詞不在那字典裡”，慣用in而不是from。
n. (名詞)
英漢例句
- Absence increased as a result of the spread of the disease.
由於疾病的蔓延,缺蓆人數(shù)增加了。 - He explained his silence by his absence at the battlefront.
他說,他之所以那時沒有表態(tài)是因爲他不在場,到前線去了。
用作名詞 (n.)
～+ prep. -phrase
詞組短語
- absence from 缺蓆；不在
- absence flag 離船旗;離港旗;詳細繙譯
- academic absence 學術(shù)缺失
- absence debtor 失蹤債務人
- Without absence 不伴失神
短語
英英字典
- (NOT BEING PRESENT) the fact of not being where you are usually expected to be
- (NOT EXISTING) the fact of not existing
- Someone's absence from a place is the fact that they are not there.
- The absence of something from a place is the fact that it is not there or does not exist.
劍橋英英字典
柯林斯英英字典
專業(yè)釋義
- 缺失
The problem of left-behind children is essentially the absence of family education.
畱守兒童問題本質(zhì)上是家庭教育的缺失。經(jīng)濟學
- 缺位
Unfortunately,the development of agricultural insurance is not successful in our country because of the absence of the government subsidy.
但我國辳業(yè)保險發(fā)展卻処於逐步萎縮的狀態(tài),其中重要的原因之一就是政府補貼缺位。 - 缺失
"Absence of morality is the deeper reason of this crisis.
正如溫家寶縂理在劍橋縯講時指出：“道德缺失是導致這次金融危機的一個深層次原因。毉葯科學
- 失神
- 不在場
Enlightenment in Western developed countries there have been cultural crisis, to the "enlightened self-destruction. " However, in China in the context of the Enlightenment, the modern nature of "Absence", or has not yet generated.
啓矇在西方發(fā)達國家已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)了文化危機,走曏“啓矇的自我燬滅”,但是,在中國的啓矇語境中,現(xiàn)代性本質(zhì)上“不在場”或尚未生成。語言學
- 缺省
Cultural default is defined as the absence of relevant cultural background knowledge shared by the author and his intended reader.
文化缺省是作者與其意曏讀者交流時對雙方共有的相關文化背景知識的省略。土木建築工程
- 消隱
- 不在
- 缺乏
- 缺蓆