過(guò)去完成時(shí)和過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的區(qū)別

I (or You，He，John，They，Those men) had been studying.

過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)與過(guò)去完成時(shí)的用法很相近，它通常表示一個(gè)持續(xù)到過(guò)去某時(shí)的動(dòng)作：

He had been waiting for two weeks. He was still waiting.(有一個(gè)表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ))

Up to that time he had been translating those books.(He was still translating at “that time”.)

He had been writing the letter till two o'clock.

He was now thirty years old.He had been gambling since he was ten.(He was still gambling at thirty.)

He had been standing there in the sun.(沒(méi)有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ))

He had been thinking about his marriage.

不過(guò)這個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)竝不一定表示這個(gè)過(guò)去動(dòng)作將持續(xù)下去：

He came back at seven.He had been waiting for her two hours.(At seven he did not wait any more.)

He stopped swimming.He had been swimming for the last three hours.

另一方麪，這個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)也和現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)一樣，也可有一些特別的含義：

1)尚未完成：

He had been writing the novel.(He had not finished it yet.)

2)企圖：

He had been studying the meaning of this proverb.(He was trying to study it.)

3)未得結(jié)果：

We had been studying what our enemy had said.(But we were not able to understand it.)

4)最近情況：

He had been quarrelling with his wife.(lately)

5)反複動(dòng)作：

He had been asking me the same question.(Many times)

6)情緒：

What had he been doing?(不耐煩)

這個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)很少用在否定句中，而多以過(guò)去完成時(shí)代替：

He had not practised English for many years.(普通說(shuō)法)

He had not been practising English for many years.(少見(jiàn))

這個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)還可用在said，supposed等引起的間接引語(yǔ)中，代替現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)：

He said，“I have been speaking to John.”= He said that he had been speaking to John.

He thought，“She was watching me when I passed.”= He thought that she had been watching him when he had passed.