suffer

音標(biāo)發(fā)音

13世紀(jì)初期進(jìn)入英語(yǔ)，直接源自盎格魯法語(yǔ)的suffrir；最初源自拉丁語(yǔ)的sufferre：sub (自下而上） + ferre (提），意為從下往上托起。

suffer的基本意思是“受苦”,所受的痛苦可以是肉體上的,也可以是精神上的,也可指某人或某集體“遭受利益上的損失”。還可作“忍受,承受”“變壞〔差、糟〕”“容許,允許”等解。
suffer既可用作不及物動(dòng)詞,也可用作及物動(dòng)詞。用作及物動(dòng)詞時(shí),常接表示不吉利的名詞(如痛苦、失敗、懲罰等)作賓語(yǔ)。作“忍受,承受”解時(shí),一般用于否定句或疑問(wèn)句; 作“容許,允許”解時(shí),通常只用作賓補(bǔ)動(dòng)詞,接動(dòng)詞不定式充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),可用于被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)。
suffer用作不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí),常與介詞from, for, by等連用,表示“因…而受罰〔苦、損〕”。

If you suffer pain, you feel it in your body or in your mind.
If you suffer from an illness or from some other bad condition, you are badly affected by it.
If you suffer something bad, you are in a situation in which something painful, harmful, or very unpleasant happens to you.
If you suffer, you are badly affected by an event or situation.
If something suffers, it becomes worse because it has not been given enough attention or is in a bad situation.

傷害
In the situation of asylum and the whole social circumstances,the mental patients’identity causes great torture. Mental patients suffer great physical torture under many kinds of medical treatments and their side effects.
在醫(yī)院情境和廣闊的社會(huì)生活情境下,“精神病人”身份對(duì)病人造成了傷害。