后綴-ive含義、詞源和詞例

漢：形容詞及名詞后綴ive意為"relating to,having the quality of,tending to ,that which"。 源自拉丁語(yǔ)的-ive是英語(yǔ)中最重要的形容詞后綴之一。與表示行為的名詞后綴-ion一樣，-ive加綴在動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞詞根后，構(gòu)成相應(yīng)形容詞，表示與該行為有關(guān)的性質(zhì)與傾向等，其意思相當(dāng)于英語(yǔ)的現(xiàn)在分詞后綴-ing(...的）或having to do with～ing （與...有關(guān)的）；having the quality of ～ing(具有...性質(zhì)的）；tending to or likely to ～(傾向于做...的）。由于拉丁構(gòu)詞的影響，-ive還有-ative,itive 等異體。


英：sufix forming adjectives from verbs, meaning "pertaining to, tending to," in some cases from Old French -if, but usually directly from Latin -ivus. In some words borrowed from French at an early date it has been reduced to -y (e.g. hasty, tardy).

一.形容詞后綴：表示有...性質(zhì)的、有...作用的、有...傾向的、屬于...的

1.abusive
adj.using insults and curses;of wrong use 辱罵的，虐待的；濫用的 *ab(=away),us(=use)
例句：We urged her to leave her abusive husband.我們極力勸說(shuō)她離開(kāi)虐待她的丈夫。

2.cohesive
adj.having the power of cohering;tending to cohere 有黏著力的；附著性的 *co<com(=together),hes (=stick)
例句：Mr.Thomson built a cohesive opposition group from seven minor opposition parties.湯姆森先生將七個(gè)小反對(duì)黨組建一個(gè)具有凝聚力的反對(duì)黨集團(tuán)。

3.diminutive
adj.very small 微小的 *di<dis(=apart),min<mini(=small)
例句：To an observer in an airplane high over the city,the largest buildings seem diminutive.坐飛機(jī)從城市上空向下看時(shí)，最高的建筑也顯得很渺小。

二.名詞后綴

1.表示人
detective 偵察，密探; native 本地人，土人；representative 代表；native 本地人，土人世間；progressive 進(jìn)步人士;executive 執(zhí)行者。

2.表示物
locomotive 火車頭，機(jī)車；anticorrosive 防腐蝕劑 ;explosive 炸藥，爆炸物;preventive 預(yù)防藥 ; directive 指令 ;olive 橄欖樹(shù)。
3.構(gòu)成抽象名詞
motive 動(dòng)機(jī) ; initiative 創(chuàng)造，發(fā)端；offensive 攻勢(shì) ; perspective 透視，眼力；subjunctive 虛擬語(yǔ)氣 ；alternative 取舍,抉擇。