動(dòng)詞不定式與動(dòng)詞-ing形式
動(dòng)詞不定式和動(dòng)詞-ing形式不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)，在使用時(shí)分別有下面幾點(diǎn)需要注意：
（一） 動(dòng)詞不定式
1．feel, hear, listen to 等感觀動(dòng)詞和 have, let , make等使役動(dòng)詞后的補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，在主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中，不定式不帶to；在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中，則必須帶to。如：
I often hear him sing the song. / He is often heard to sing the song.
2. 不定式短語(yǔ)位于介詞but, except, besides后時(shí)，如果這些介詞之前有行為動(dòng)詞do 的各種形式，那么，這些介詞后的不定式不帶to，否則要帶to。如：
She could do nothing but cry. / It has no choice but to lie down and sleep.
3. 不定式修飾的名詞或代詞與不定式邏輯上構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系時(shí)，不定式往往用主動(dòng)形式。如：
Have you got a key to unlock the door? (A key unlocks the door.)
4. 不定式和它前面被修飾的名詞或代詞構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，又和該句的主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系時(shí)，不定式常用主動(dòng)形式。如：
I have got a letter to write.( I write a letter.)
5.如果不定式作表語(yǔ)形容詞的狀語(yǔ)，且和句中主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí)，不定式多用主動(dòng)形式。如：
The book is difficult to understand.( to understand the book)
（二） 動(dòng)詞 -ing形式
1． 不定式和動(dòng)詞 -ing形式都可以做主語(yǔ)，動(dòng)詞 -ing形式做主語(yǔ)表示一般或抽象的多次性行為；不定式做主語(yǔ)往往表示具體的或一次性的動(dòng)作。如：
Playing with fire is dangerous.（泛指玩火) / To play with fire will be dangerous.（指一具體動(dòng)作）
2． admit, appreciate, avoid, consider等動(dòng)詞后一般用動(dòng)詞 -ing形式做賓語(yǔ)。
3． 在allow, advise, forbid, permit等動(dòng)詞后直接跟動(dòng)詞作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，要用動(dòng)名詞形式；如果其后有名詞或代詞做賓語(yǔ)，然后再跟動(dòng)詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，其賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)用帶to的不定式。如：
We don't allow smoking here. / We don't allow students to smoke.
從下面每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。
1. Every detail should be thought of ______ that nothing bad will happen during the Olympics.
A. make sure B. to make sure
C. making sure D. be made sure
2. I think ______ at the Net-bar will surprise Aunt Kate.
A. your being B. you are
C. you being D. you to be
3. —Did that book give the information you need?
—Yes, but ______, I have to read it entirely.
A. for finding it B. to find it
C. finding D. finding it
4. — Did you enjoy your visit there?
— Yes, but I'm very sorry ______ so soon.
A. for leaving B. of leaving
C. to leave D. to have left
5. The professor spoke slowly enough to make his speech easy ______.
A. follow B. to follow
C. followed D. following
6. — I thought you had planned to practise the piano today.
— No. I did nothing but ______ computer games all day.
A. play B. to play
C. played D. playing
7. It is I, ______, that ______ blame for the fault.
A. not him; is to B. not he; is
C. not he; am to D. not him; are to
8. It is important for parents and young people to learn how to get through to each other and develop skills in understanding and ______ understood.
A. being B. be C. are D. to be
9. We still have many difficulties ______ in our socialist construction.
A. to overcome B. to be overcome
C. overcome D. to have overcome
10. The lost child desired nothing but ______ home to see his parents.
A. go B. to go C. going D. went
11. He was lucky enough ______ when he cheated in the exam.
A. not to be seen
B. to not have been seen
C. not to have been seen
D. to not be seen
12. Mrs Harley has a habit of asking questions ______.
A. but then not listen to the answers
B. and then not listen to the answers
C. but then not listening to the answers
D. and then doesn't listen to the answers
Keys： 1-6 BABDBA 7-12 CAABCC