獨(dú)立主格的形式與句法功能
一、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的形式
英語中,獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的形式是:名詞或代詞跟形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、非謂語動詞連在一起,構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。
1. 名詞 / 代詞 + 不定式。如:
A house to be built, we must save every cent. 由于要建一座房子,我們必須節(jié)省每一分錢。
Now here is Li Lei, Wei Fang to come tomorrow. 現(xiàn)在李蕾來了,魏方明天到。
2. 名詞 / 代詞 + -ing分詞。如:
The bus coming here soon, we should get everything ready. 汽車很快就要來了,我們應(yīng)該把一切事情準(zhǔn)備好。
Mother being ill, Li Lei was very worried. 母親病了,李蕾非常焦急。
3. 名詞 / 代詞 + 動詞的過去分詞。如:
His cup broken, he used his bowl instead. 茶杯破了,他就用碗來代替。
4. 名詞 / 代詞 + 形容詞。如:
The ground muddy, we should be careful. 地面濘泥,我們應(yīng)該小心。
5. 名詞 / 代詞 + 副詞。如:
The class over, we all went out to play. 下課后,我們都出去玩。
6. 名詞 / 代詞 + 介詞短語。如:
Glasses in his hand, he asked where his glasses were. 手里拿著眼鏡,他問他的眼鏡哪去了。
二、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的句法功能
獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)在句子中作狀語,表示時間、原因、條件和伴隨等情況。
1. 作時間狀語
School over, the students went home. 放學(xué)后,學(xué)生們都回家了。
The ceremony ended, the games began. 儀式結(jié)束后,比賽開始了。
2. 作條件狀語
It being fine tomorrow, we’ll go boating. 如果明天天氣好的話,我們就去劃船。
Li Lei coming, it is not necessary to ask Wu Dong. 如果李蕾來的話,就沒有必要叫吳東了。
3. 作原因狀語
The meeting being put off, we needn’t hurry. 由于會議推遲了,我們就沒有必要匆忙了。
Mr. Li being ill, Miss Yang will give us this lesson instead. 李老師病了,楊老師將代他來給我們上這堂課。
4. 作伴隨狀語
Mr. Li comes here, a book in his hand. 李先生手里拿著書過來了。
A smile on her face, she asked what she could do for us. 她面帶微笑問道我們要什么。
5. 作定語 He had maybe a thousand tapes, all neatly labelled and catalogued. 他大約有1,000盒磁帶,都整齊地貼著標(biāo)簽并分了類。
We produce our own hair-care products, all based on herbal recipes. 我們自己生產(chǎn)護(hù)發(fā)產(chǎn)品,全部采用草本配方。