Keep的用法
在人教版初中英語(yǔ)教材中，keep是要求學(xué)生必須掌握的四會(huì)詞之一，現(xiàn)將其常見(jiàn)用法歸納小結(jié)如下，以利于大家正確地使用該詞。
一、用作及物動(dòng)詞
1. 意為"保存；保留；保持；保守"。如：
could you keep these letters for me, please? 你能替我保存這些信嗎？
i'll keep a seat for you.我給你留個(gè)座位。
it can help to keep vegetables, fruit and meat for a long time in hot summer. 在炎熱的夏天，它有助于蔬菜、水果和肉類(lèi)長(zhǎng)時(shí)間保鮮。
can you keep a secret? 你能保守秘密嗎？
2. 意為"照顧；養(yǎng)活"等。如：
she kept her sister for a week while her sister was ill.她妹妹有病時(shí)，她照看她了一個(gè)星期。
i have a family to keep.我得養(yǎng)活一家人。
3. 意為"留下；不必還"。如：
you can keep the pen if you like it.你要是喜歡就把鋼筆留下吧。
keep the change.不用找零錢(qián)了。
4. 意為"遵守；維護(hù)"。如：
everyone must keep the rules. 人人必須遵守規(guī)章制度。
the teacher is keeping order in class.老師正在課堂上維持秩序。
5. 意為"售；賣(mài)"。如：
the shop keeps everything you need.那家商店里出售的東西應(yīng)有盡有。
he keeps everything you will drink.他出售你想喝的各種飲料。
6. 意為"記(日記、帳等)"。如：
she keeps a diary every day.她堅(jiān)持每天記日記。
he keeps exact accounts of the money he spends and a diary of the events of his holidays.他詳細(xì)地記載他所花的錢(qián)數(shù)和假期中所發(fā)生的事情。
7. 意為"使……保持某種(狀態(tài)、位置或動(dòng)作等)"。這時(shí)要在keep的賓語(yǔ)后接補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)。其中賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)通常由形容詞、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞等充當(dāng)。如：
we should keep our classroom clean and tidy.(形容詞)我們應(yīng)保持教室整潔干凈。
you'd better keep the child away from the fire.(副詞)你最好讓孩子離火遠(yuǎn)一點(diǎn)。
the bad weather keeps us inside the house.(介詞短語(yǔ))壞天氣使我們不能出門(mén)。
don't keep me waiting for long.(現(xiàn)在分詞)別讓我等太久。
the other students in the class keep their eyes closed.(過(guò)去分詞)班上其他同學(xué)都閉著眼睛。
二、用作連系動(dòng)詞
構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)：keep＋表語(yǔ)，意為"保持，繼續(xù)(處于某種狀態(tài))"。其中表語(yǔ)可用形容詞、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)等充當(dāng)。如：
you must look after yourself and keep healthy.(形容詞)你必須照顧好自己，保持身體健康。
keep off the grass.(副詞)請(qǐng)勿踐踏草地。
traffic in britain keeps to the left.(介詞短語(yǔ))英國(guó)的交通是靠左邊行駛的。
注意：一般情況下，keep后接形容詞較為多見(jiàn)。再如：
she knew she must keep calm.她知道她必須保持鎮(zhèn)靜。
please keep silent in class.課堂上請(qǐng)保持安靜。
三、與介詞或副詞搭配，構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)
1.keep away意為"(使)離開(kāi)；(使)不接近"，其后常接介詞from。如：
would you keep your dog away from my boy, please? 請(qǐng)把狗拉得離我孩子遠(yuǎn)點(diǎn)好嗎？
keep everybody away from the accident.人人遠(yuǎn)離事故！
2.keep back意為"阻止；留在后面"。如：
she sat down quietly, but she couldn't keep
back her tears.她靜靜地坐下來(lái)，卻忍不住流下了眼淚。
3.keep together意為"在一起；動(dòng)作協(xié)調(diào)"。如：
keep together, please.請(qǐng)聚在一起。
the eight men kept together during the boat race as though they were one.賽船時(shí)，這8個(gè)人動(dòng)作協(xié)調(diào)，好像一個(gè)人似的。
4.keep up意為"持續(xù)；使不低落"。如：
the noise kept up all night.噪音整夜持續(xù)著。
to keep your strength up, eat well and get enough sleep.為了保持力氣，要吃好、睡足。
5.keep up with意為"跟上；和……來(lái)往"。如：
i'm trying my best to keep up with the others in class.我正在設(shè)法趕上班里的其他人。
do you still keep up with tom? 你和湯姆還有聯(lián)系嗎？
6.keep...in mind意為"把……記在心里"。如：
the teacher asked us to keep these sentences in mind.老師要我們把這些句子記在心里。
四、含keep的常用句型
1.keep doing sth. 意為"繼續(xù)干某事"，表示不間斷地持續(xù)干某事，keep后不能接不定式或表示靜止?fàn)顟B(tài)的v-ing形式，而必須接延續(xù)性的動(dòng)詞。如：
he kept working all day, because he wanted to finish the work on time.他整天都在不停地工作，因?yàn)樗霚?zhǔn)時(shí)完成工作。
keep passing the ball to each other, and you'll be ok.堅(jiān)持互相傳球，你們就行。
2.keep on doing sth. 意為"持續(xù)做某事"。如：
the pupil kept on asking me the same question.這個(gè)學(xué)生不斷地問(wèn)我同一個(gè)問(wèn)題。
i kept on thinking about the match in the afternoon.我總是想起下午的那場(chǎng)比賽。
3. keep...from doing sth.意為"阻止/防止……做某事"。如：
the heavy snow kept us from going out.大雪使我們不能出去。