形容詞用作狀語的情況
類型一:說明性狀語
形容詞的主要功能是用作定語和表語,但有時(shí)也可用作狀語(有人也稱之為主語補(bǔ)足語,因?yàn)樗鼈兪茄a(bǔ)充說明主語的)。如:
He lay in bed, awake. 他躺在床上,沒有睡著。(表伴隨)
He arrived home, hungry and tired. 他回到家里,又餓又累。(表結(jié)果)
Unable to afford the time, I had to give up the plan. 由于抽不出時(shí)間,我不得不放棄這個(gè)計(jì)劃。(表原因)
形容詞用作狀語的特點(diǎn)是,該形容詞的邏輯主語就是句子主語,并且通??梢杂貌⒘芯浠蛑鲝膹?fù)合句來改寫。如以上各句可改寫為:
He lay in bed and he was awake.
He arrived home and he was hungry and tired.
Because I was unable to afford the time, I had to give up the plan.
類型二:程度狀語
有少數(shù)形容詞,如red, boiling, freezing, icy, bitter等,它們在某些搭配中可以起副詞,用作狀語,表示程度,意為“很”“非常”等。如:
The stove was red hot. 火爐是熾熱的。
It's boiling hot. 它是滾燙的。
His face was bright red. 他的臉是鮮紅的。
The weather is freezing [icy, bitter] cold. 天氣冷極了。
但這樣的用法非常有限,并往往只用于某些特定搭配中,如可說 bitter cold(冰冷),bitter wind(寒風(fēng))等,但習(xí)慣上卻不說 bitter hot(熾熱),bitter busy(極忙)等。
類型三:承上啟下性狀語
有些形容詞在某些固定結(jié)構(gòu)中可用作獨(dú)立成分,起承上啟下的作用(也可視為一種狀語)。如:
Sure enough, she was there. 果然她在那里。
Strange to say, he did pass his exam after all. 說也奇怪,考試他竟然通過了。
He may be late. Worse still, he may not come at all. 他可能會遲到。更糟的是,他可能根本不來。
More important, he's got a steady job. 更重要的是他得到了一個(gè)穩(wěn)定的工作。
Most remarkable of all, he never suffers from nerves on the stage. 最了不起的是他從不怯場。