-ing形式作表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的用法
1. 動(dòng)詞的ing形式包括動(dòng)名詞和現(xiàn)在分詞，二者都可作表語(yǔ)。如：
Our job is playing all kinds of music . ( 動(dòng)名詞 )
The music they are playing sounds so exciting . ( 現(xiàn)在分詞 )
注：一般來(lái)講，動(dòng)名詞 ( 短語(yǔ) ) 作表語(yǔ)，主表可互換，即：Playing all kinds of music is our job.
現(xiàn)在分詞作表語(yǔ)，表明主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)和特征，主表不可互換。
2. - ing形式做定語(yǔ)可以表示
1 ) 所修飾名詞的用途
a waiting room ( = a room for waiting ) / a walking stick ( = a stick for walking )
2 ) 所修飾名詞正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，可以換成定語(yǔ)從句形式
a waiting man ( = a man who is waiting ) / a sleeping child ( = a child who is sleeping )
3. 在see , hear , feel , watch , notice等感觀動(dòng)詞后可以用 - ing形式做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。這時(shí) - ing形式和句子的賓語(yǔ)之間存在著邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，并且 - ing形式表示賓語(yǔ)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。如：
He saw a girl getting on the tractor. ( = He saw a girl and the girl was getting on the tractor . )
Do you hear someone knocking at the door?
1).做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)We watched three boys sharing their food with each other.
2).做主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)She was heard singing in the next room.
3).做表語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)My job is teaching English. /a walking stick/a waiting room
當(dāng)-ing分詞做定語(yǔ)的時(shí)候，常常放在被修飾名詞的后面
The girl singing now is a classmate of mine.
4).做伴隨、原因、時(shí)間、結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)
He sat at the desk reading a magazine.
Being very young, he can't dress himself.
Having finished all the work, they went to the shore.
Her parents died, leaving her a big house.