現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)用法

表示一個(gè)持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作(這動(dòng)作可能剛停止，也可能還在進(jìn)行)。

(1) 構(gòu)成：have been doing

(2) 用法：

1) 延續(xù)：表示開始于過去的活動(dòng)持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并且活動(dòng)往往還沒有結(jié)束，將繼續(xù)持續(xù)下去。

I have not been sleeping well since I returned home.( “我”回家后一直都沒睡好，現(xiàn)在也沒睡好。)

I have been living in Hawaii for ten years.我在夏威夷已經(jīng)生活了十年。

She has been burning the midnight oil to prepare for GRE.她最近在熬夜準(zhǔn)備GRE考試。

Tom has been playing the online games for more than twenty hours.湯姆玩網(wǎng)游已經(jīng)超過二十個(gè)小時(shí)了。

2) 重復(fù)：到目前為止的一段時(shí)間內(nèi)重復(fù)發(fā)生的活動(dòng)。

He has been going to Seattle for half a year.他在半年間經(jīng)常去西雅圖。

I have been telling you not to make trouble.我一直勸你不要找麻煩。

The old man has been repairing cars for thirty years.老人修車修了三十年了。

Jack has been practising Tai Chi for more than a year.杰克練太極一年多了。

3)表示感情色彩

現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)比較生動(dòng)，有時(shí)含有明顯的感情色彩。

如：What have you been doing? 表示驚異

Who's been eating my apples? 表示憤怒不滿

【典例講解】

例1：Tom ______ in the library every night over the last three months.

A.works B. worked

C. has been working D. had been working

答案：C

解析：over the last three months 的意思是“在過去的三個(gè)月期間”，這類時(shí)間狀語通常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)或現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)連用，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有C符合此要求。

例2：Now that she is out of a job, Lucy ______ going back to school, but she hasn't decided yet.

A.had considered B. has been considering

C. considered D. is going to consider

答案：B

解析：根據(jù)but she hasn't decided yet (尚未決定) 可知，從開始失業(yè)時(shí)起一直在考慮再去上學(xué)，現(xiàn)在還在考慮。表示從過去某一時(shí)刻開始一直到現(xiàn)在，并且現(xiàn)在依然在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)由“have/has been doing”構(gòu)成，所以選B。