賓語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞
賓語(yǔ)從句通常由連詞that和whether (if)、連接代詞或連接副詞以及關(guān)系代詞型what引導(dǎo)：
1. that引導(dǎo)
We believe that he is honest. 我們相信他是誠(chéng)實(shí)的。
The doctor insists that I give up smoking醫(yī)生堅(jiān)持要我戒煙。
I suggest that we should go tomorrow. 我建議我們明天走。
I suggested that we should go the next day. 我建議我們第二天走。
We learnt from his letter that he was in Spain. 從他的信里我們了解到他在西班牙。
The seller demanded that payment should be made within five days. 賣方要求5日內(nèi)付款。
2. whether / if引導(dǎo)
I don’t know whether he’ll arrive in time. 我不知道他是否能及時(shí)到。
I didn’t know whether they liked the place. 我不知道他們是否喜歡這個(gè)地方。
I’ll see whether I can induce him to accept it. 我要看看我是否能勸他接受。
I asked her whether she agreed. 我問她是否同意。
He enquired if her parents spoke Spanish. 他問她父母是否講西班牙語(yǔ)。
I wonder if it’s large enough. 我不知道它是否夠大。
She didn’t say if he was still alive. 她沒說(shuō)他是否還活著。
3. 連接代詞引導(dǎo)
I don’t know who [whom] you mean. 我不知道你指誰(shuí)。
Please tell me which you like. 告訴我你喜歡哪一個(gè)。
I’Il do whatever I can do. 我將做我所能做的事。
You can take whichever you like. 你愛拿哪個(gè)就拿哪個(gè)吧。
We’ll do whatever we can to save him. 我們將盡我們所能來(lái)挽救他。
Take whichever seat you like. 你要坐哪個(gè)座就坐哪個(gè)座位。
Give it to whoever you like. 你把它愛給誰(shuí)就給誰(shuí)。
You don’t know what you are talking about. 你在說(shuō)什么，你自己也不知道。
Tomorrow at this time we’ll know who is elected. 明天這時(shí)候我們就會(huì)知道誰(shuí)當(dāng)選了。
4. 連接副詞引導(dǎo)
He asked why he had to go alone. 他問他為什么必須一個(gè)人去。
You don’t know when you are lucky. 你身在福中不知福。
I asked how he was getting on. 我問他情況怎樣。
He knows where they live. 他知道他們住哪里。
Have you found out how wide the ditch Was? 你了解到那條溝有多寬嗎?
I’d like to know when they will let him out. 我很想知道他們什么時(shí)候會(huì)放他出來(lái)。
We didn’t know why he had answered in that fashion. 我們不明白他為什么這樣回答。
3. 關(guān)系代詞what引導(dǎo)
She has got what she wanted. 她要的東西得到了。
I want to tell you what I hear. 我想把聽到的情況告訴你。
He could not express what he felt. 他無(wú)法表達(dá)內(nèi)心的感受。
They did what they could to console her. 他們盡量安慰她。
They thought they could do what they liked with him. 他們以為他們可以對(duì)他為所欲為。
【注意】有時(shí)介詞后可接一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句(但介詞后通常不接that和if引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句)：
From what you say, he is right. 根據(jù)你所說(shuō)的，他是對(duì)的。
有極個(gè)別介詞(如but, except)可接that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句：
She remembered nothing about him except that his hair was black. 她對(duì)他什么都不記得，只記得他的頭發(fā)是黑的。
比較下面兩句用what引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，它們的意思不一樣：
He began to think about what he should do. 他開始考慮應(yīng)當(dāng)怎樣做。