定語從句和同位語從句的區(qū)別
1、同位語
Mr. Smith,our new teacher,is very kind to us.
Yesterday I met Tom,a friend of my brother's.
同位語就是解釋前面的名詞，等號(hào)成立！一定會(huì)告訴你前面名詞的內(nèi)容
2、同位語從句
My grandfather told me a well-know saying that we learn for the rise of China.
saying=we learn for the rise of China
We all know the terrible news that the terrorists attacked France
news=the terrorists attacked France
同位語從句就是用一個(gè)叫句子補(bǔ)充說明與其同位的名詞，如：conclusion/decision/idea/problem
3、理解PK
The news that I heard yesterday is true.
A B C
The news that our team has won the match is true.
A B C
1.同位語：補(bǔ)充說明解釋 —— 定語：修辭裝飾修飾
修飾名詞的成分：同位語（從句） >定語（限制性定語從句 ) >非限制性定語從句
對(duì)人體起作用的程度： 大腦心臟> 眼睛耳朵 > 皮毛
定語一定不會(huì)告訴你先行詞是什么，同位語一定會(huì)告訴你名詞是什么！
4.翻譯：The rumor spread that a new school would be built here.
The village has developed a lot where we learned farming two years ago.
特別注意
1.as用于限制性定語從句時(shí),先行詞前面必須被such/so/as/the same所修飾才行。
I bought the same car as you bought last week.
2.定從的世界里沒有what和how！
whose：“ta的”/“ta們的”
例：
【2013福建】 The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those ______ lives were affected.
whose B. that C. who D. which
【2005天津】Last month, part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods, from ______ effects the people are still suffering.
that B. whose C. those D. what
【2006福建】Look out! Don't get too close to the house ______ roof is under repair.?
whose B. which C. of which D. that
【2009天津】A person ______ e-mail account is full won't be able to send or receive any e-mails.
who B. whom
whose D. whoever
as：“正如”
【2004北京】______ is reported in the newspapers, talks between the two countries are making progress.
It B. As C.That D. What
【2004江蘇】______ is often the case, we have worked out the production plan.
Which When C. What D. As
As is known to all,…正如我們都知道的，…
As has been said before,…正如先前說過的，…
As is shown in the picture,…正如圖畫中展示的那樣
As often happens,…正如經(jīng)常發(fā)生的，…
注： as的“先行詞”是整個(gè)主句
as從句中常用被動(dòng)
as引導(dǎo)的定從可置于主句之前
3.which：“這件事”
【2013天津】 We have launched another man-made satellite, ______is announced in today's newspaper.
that B. which C. who D. what
【2005浙江】Jim passed the driving test, ______ surprised everybody in the office.?
which B. that C. this D. it
注：which的“先行詞”也可以是整個(gè)主句
【2007浙江】Chan's restaurant on Baker Street, ______ used to be poorly run, is now a successful one.
that B. which C. who D. where
【2011浙江】English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, each of ______ uses it differently.
which B. what C. them D. those
注：which的“先行詞”也可以是某個(gè)名詞
that：“人物絕不避人物”
人：that可以指代人
物：that可以指代物
絕：當(dāng)先行詞表“絕對(duì)”意義時(shí)，用that
不：當(dāng)先行詞是“不定代詞”時(shí)，用that
避：如果句子里已經(jīng)用了who/which，為避免重復(fù)，可以用that
人物：當(dāng)先行詞“即有人又有物”時(shí)，用that
不能用that的情況
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