if...類省略句結(jié)構(gòu)用法
if-型省略結(jié)構(gòu)是一個(gè)非常有用的結(jié)構(gòu),本文擬對(duì)其可能涉及的結(jié)構(gòu)作一全面歸納。
一、if + 形容詞
這類結(jié)構(gòu)通常可視為在if與形容詞之間省略了“主語+動(dòng)詞be的適當(dāng)形式”。如:
Send the goods now if ready.= Send the goods now if they are ready. 貨物如已備好,請(qǐng)即送來。
If true, this will cause us a lot of trouble.= If it is true, this will cause us a lot of trouble. 這事若是事實(shí),它將給我們?cè)斐稍S多麻煩。
注:這類省略結(jié)構(gòu)中有的已構(gòu)成相對(duì)固定的搭配,if necessary (如果需要),if possible (如果可能)等。如:
If necessary, ring me at home. 如果必要,可往我家里打電話。
If possible, let me know beforehand. 如果可能,可在事前通知我。
二、if + 過去分詞
其中的過去分詞可視為是被省略的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu),即在if與形容詞之間省略了主語和助動(dòng)詞be。如:
He will come if asked.= He will come if he is asked. 他如被邀就會(huì)來。
The medicine is quite effective if taken in time.=The medicine is quite effective if it is taken in time. 這藥要是能按時(shí)服用,效果是很好的。
三、if + 代詞
這類省略通常要根據(jù)具體的上下文來理解。如:
If anyone, he knows. 如果有人知道,那就是他了。
There are few people nowadays, if any, who remember him. 當(dāng)今記得他的人,如有的話,也不多了。
He seems to have little, if anything, to do with this. 若要說他和這事有什么相關(guān)的話,那也似乎是很少的。
四、if + 介詞短語
這類結(jié)構(gòu)往往要根據(jù)具體的語境來理解,但有些經(jīng)常搭配的慣用結(jié)構(gòu)也值得注意,如if in doubt, if at all, if by any chance等。如:
If in doubt, ask your doctor. He can give you further information. 你若有疑問,可以問問醫(yī)生. 他會(huì)向你作進(jìn)一步的說明。
Their policies have changed little, if at all, since the last election. 自上次選舉以來,他們的政策就算是有所變化,也變得很少。
If by any chance you can't manage dinner tonight, perhaps we can at least have a drink together. 就算你今晚不吃晚飯,也許我們至少可以一起喝一杯。
五、if + ever
if ever 可視為習(xí)語,它通常與seldom連用,表示“極少”“難得”。如:
She seldom, if ever, goes to the cinema. 她難得看電影。
He seldom if ever travels abroad. 他到國外旅行,即使有過,也是極少的。
注:有時(shí)ever后面還修飾有其他詞語。如:
The island is seldom if ever visited by ships. 這個(gè)島難得有船??俊?/p>
另外,它有時(shí)還可引出一個(gè)句子。如:
If ever you're in Cambridge, do give me a ring. 萬一你來劍橋,一定要給我打電話。
六、if + not
if not 可視為一個(gè)否定的條件狀語從句省略。如:
I might see you tomorrow. If not, then it'll be Saturday. 我可能明天去看你。如果不是明天,那就在周六。
Ask her if it is a convenient time. If not, can she suggest another possible time? 問問她那個(gè)時(shí)間方便不方便。要是不方便,那她可不可以提出一個(gè)可行的時(shí)間???
注:有時(shí)not還可修飾另一個(gè)詞語。如:
If not today, tomorrow I'm sure you'll get an answer. 如果今天得不到回信,明天準(zhǔn)能得到。
This is one of the oldest buildings in town, if not the oldest. 這是城里最古老的房屋之一,如果不是最古老的話。
Usually, if not always, we write “cannot” as one word. 我們即使不總是如此,也通常是把cannot作為一個(gè)詞來拼寫的。
七、if + so
if so的意思是“如果是那樣的話”。如:
I may be free this evening. If so, I'll come round and see you. 今晚我可能有空。要是有空我會(huì)過來看你。
They must decide if such a plan can be implemented and if so, when. 他必須決定這樣的計(jì)劃是否能實(shí)施,而且要是能實(shí)施的話,又得決定何時(shí)實(shí)施。
注意以下if so與if not連用的情形:
He may be busy. If so, I'll call later. If not, can I see him now? 他可能忙,如是這樣,我以后再來拜訪。他如不忙,我現(xiàn)在可以見他嗎?
Will you be staying another night? If so, we can give you a better room. If not, could you be out of your room by 12:00? 您要再往一晚嗎? 如果是這樣,我們可以給您提供條件更好一點(diǎn)的房間。如果不是,您能在12點(diǎn)前離開這房間嗎?
八、if need be 如果需要
if need be為習(xí)語,其含義相當(dāng)于if it is necessary (如果有必要的話)。如:
I will come if need be. 如有必要我會(huì)來。
I'll work at night if need be. 如果有必要我可以晚上工作。
If need be we can always bring another car. 如果有必要的話我們還可以再開一輛車來。