否定轉(zhuǎn)移的形式與用法

一、動(dòng)詞的否定轉(zhuǎn)移

1. 形式上否定主句的謂語，實(shí)際上是否定從句的謂語

當(dāng)動(dòng)詞think, believe, suppose, imagine, expect, feel的主語是第一人稱、謂語動(dòng)詞為沒有任何副詞修飾的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，它們的否定式實(shí)際上是對(duì)賓語從句的否定。表示說話者提出一種委婉的看法或主張。如：

I think that he will help us. —I don't think that he will help us. 我認(rèn)為它不會(huì)幫助我們。

I believe that he is right. —I don't believe that he is right. 我認(rèn)為他不對(duì)。

I suppose that he likes it. —I don't suppose that he likes it. 我想他不喜歡它。

2. 形式上否定謂語動(dòng)詞，實(shí)際上否定復(fù)合賓語

當(dāng)動(dòng)詞think, believe, suppose, imagine, expect, feel, find的主語是第一人稱、謂語動(dòng)詞為沒有任何副詞修飾的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，它們前面的否定式實(shí)際上是對(duì)復(fù)合賓語的否定。表示說話者所提出的一種委婉的看法或主張。如：

I think math difficult. — I don't think math difficult. 我認(rèn)為數(shù)學(xué)不難。

I find the story interesting. — I don't find the story interesting. 我認(rèn)為這個(gè)故事沒有趣。

I expect so. —I don't expect so. 我認(rèn)為不會(huì)。

注意：動(dòng)詞think, believe, suppose, imagine, expect, feel在下列情況下，否定不轉(zhuǎn)移：

(1) 這些動(dòng)詞跟其他另一個(gè)動(dòng)詞一起做并列謂語時(shí)，否定不轉(zhuǎn)移。如：

I believe and hope he won't do that. 我相信并且也希望他將不會(huì)那樣做。

I feel and admit that we are not foolish. 我覺得并且也承認(rèn)我們并不愚蠢。

(2) 用于疑問句時(shí)，否定不轉(zhuǎn)移。如：

Do you think it is not going to rain? 你認(rèn)為天不會(huì)下雨嗎？

Don't you believe that he has done a good thing? 難道你不相信他做了一件好事？

(3) 用作插入語時(shí)，否定不轉(zhuǎn)移。如：

Li Lei, I think, won't be angry with you. 我想李蕾不會(huì)生你的氣。

Tom, I suppose, won't be against it. 我猜想湯姆不會(huì)反對(duì)。

Mike, I believe, hasn't seen the film. 我認(rèn)為邁克沒有看這場(chǎng)電影。

(4) 動(dòng)詞前有其他副詞修飾時(shí)，否定不轉(zhuǎn)移。如：

I really don't think it's necessary for us to go there now. 我的確不認(rèn)為我們有必要去那兒。

I feel strongly that he shouldn't do such a thing. 我強(qiáng)烈地認(rèn)為他不應(yīng)該做那樣的事。

(5) 動(dòng)詞為非一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或主語不是第一人稱時(shí)，否定不轉(zhuǎn)移。

I thought that he wouldn't come back soon. 我原以為他不會(huì)回來得這么快。

She didn't believe that he became a good boy. 她不相信它變成了一個(gè)好孩子。

He thinks that he isn't fit for the job. 他認(rèn)為他不適合這件工作。

He doesn't believe that what we told him is true. 他不相信我們告訴他的事是真的。

(6) 當(dāng)賓語從句中含的否定為not…at all, not a little, not a few, not enough, can't help等固定搭配時(shí)，否定不轉(zhuǎn)移。如：

I think that he doesn't know it at all. 我想他對(duì)那一點(diǎn)也不知道。

I suppose that it is not enough to remember the words if you want to learn the language well. 我認(rèn)為如果你想把這門語言學(xué)好，那么只記單詞是不夠的。

I believe that you can't help singing our national anthem when you win the first place in the Olympic Games. 我相信當(dāng)你在奧運(yùn)會(huì)上獲得第一名時(shí)你會(huì)情不自禁地唱起國(guó)歌來。

(7) 當(dāng)賓語從句中含no, nothing, nobody, nowhere, hardly, seldom, little, few等否定詞或半否詞時(shí)，否定不轉(zhuǎn)移。如：

I believe that nothing can make me give it up. 我想任何事情也不能使我放棄。

I think that no one can escape if the ship sinks in the sea. 我認(rèn)為如果這艘船沉入海底的話，那么誰也逃不掉。

I suppose that he is a man of few words. 我猜想他是一個(gè)言語不多的人。

二、句子的否定轉(zhuǎn)移

有些句子形式上否定謂語動(dòng)詞，實(shí)際上是對(duì)句子后面狀語進(jìn)行否定。如：

Let's not talk about it here. 我們別在這里談吧。

Don't read in the sun. 不要在陽光下看書。

Don't talk with your mouth full of food. 不要口里含著食物說話。