非謂語動(dòng)詞being done的用法
being done如果構(gòu)成謂語只有一種可能，就是與動(dòng)詞be一起構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語態(tài)的進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。如：
Your steak is being grilled and will be ready in a minute. 您的牛排正在烤著，馬上就好。
Unfortunately, my car broke down and I was stuck there while it was being repaired. 不幸的是，我的車壞了，在修車的時(shí)候，我就被困在那里。
但是，作為非謂語動(dòng)詞的being done，其用法則比較復(fù)雜，也比較容易用錯(cuò)，本文幫同學(xué)們歸納如下。
1. 用作定語
當(dāng)非謂語動(dòng)詞being done用作定語時(shí)，只能置于被修飾名詞之后，表示一個(gè)正在進(jìn)行的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作。如：
Did you see that boy being questioned by the police? 你看見那個(gè)男孩受到警察的盤問了嗎?
We are going to reduce the number of trees being cut down. 我們要減少砍伐的樹的數(shù)量。
注意：being done, to be done與done均可用作后置定語，其區(qū)別為：being done表示正在發(fā)生的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作；to be done表示將要發(fā)生的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作；而done表示已經(jīng)發(fā)生的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作。比較：
(1) The play________ last month aimed mainly to reflect the local culture.
A. produced B. being produced
C. to be produced D. having been produced
(2) The play________ now aims mainly to reflect the local culture.
A. produced B. being produced
C. to be produced D. having been produced
(3) The play________ next month aims mainly to reflect the local culture. (2009安徽卷)
A. produced B. being produced
C. to be produced D. having been produced
根據(jù)每句空格后的時(shí)間狀語last month, now, next month可知，第(1)題的答案應(yīng)選A，第(2)題的答案應(yīng)選B，第(3)題的答案應(yīng)選C。
如果你明白了這個(gè)區(qū)別，不僅上面這道安徽卷考題你可以輕松地做出來，而且下面這道山東卷考題也就變得很容易了(答案為A)：
We are invited to a party ________ in our club next Friday.
A. to be held B. held C. being held D. holding
2. 用作主語
being done可以用于句首作主語，表示一個(gè)被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作。如：
Being sent to prison was the final degradation. 墮落到最后的地步就是被關(guān)進(jìn)監(jiān)獄。
Being recognized wherever you go is the price you pay for being famous. 出名所付出的代價(jià)是不管你走到哪里，都會(huì)被人認(rèn)出來。
有時(shí)用作主語的being done可能是系表結(jié)構(gòu)。如：
Being lost can be a terrifying experience. 迷路可能是一種很可怕的經(jīng)歷。
3. 用作賓語
being done不僅可以用于動(dòng)詞后作賓語，而且可以用作介詞后作賓語，也是表示一個(gè)被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作。如：
He tried to escape being punished. 他設(shè)法逃避懲罰。
He dyed his beard to avoid being recognized. 他染了胡子，以免我們認(rèn)出他。
Everybody enjoys being spoiled from time to time. 誰都喜歡偶爾讓人寵一寵。
You have to wait in a large entrance hall before being shown into the court proper. 進(jìn)入皇宮時(shí)先要在入口大廳等候，由人帶領(lǐng)進(jìn)入正殿。
After [On] being informed the flight would be delayed, we made other arrangements. 在我們得知飛機(jī)要推遲起飛后，我們另作了安排。
請(qǐng)看下面一道考題：
I still remember ________ to the Famen Temple and what I saw there.
A. to take B. to be taken C. taking D. being taken
從句意上看，“我”與“帶去法門寺”之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，即“我是被帶去法門寺”，所以首先應(yīng)排除表示主動(dòng)意義的A和C；再從語法上看，remember后接不定式或動(dòng)名詞均可，但有區(qū)別：接不定式表示記住去做未做的事，接動(dòng)名詞表示記住已經(jīng)做過或發(fā)生過的事，根據(jù)句意和句子中saw用的是一般過去時(shí)可知，應(yīng)用動(dòng)名詞，即答案為D。
4. 用作賓語補(bǔ)足語
being done主要用在某些動(dòng)詞（如see, hear, watch, feel, find, discover, imagine, keep, like, notice 等）后作賓語補(bǔ)足語，表示一個(gè)正在進(jìn)行的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作。如：
I saw him being taken away by the police. 我看到他正被警察帶走。
He often came to watch the boats being loaded and unloaded. 他常常到這里來看輪船裝貨卸貨。
It’s interesting for children to see a house being built. 孩子們看造房子是挺有趣的事。
She found herself being warmly welcomed everywhere. 她發(fā)現(xiàn)自己到處受到熱烈的歡迎。
I woke up to hear the bedroom door being opened slowly. 我醒過來，聽見臥室的門慢慢地被推開。
有時(shí)也用于介詞with, without的賓語后作賓語補(bǔ)足語。如：
They debated for hours without a decision being taken. 他們爭論了好幾個(gè)小時(shí)，也沒作出決定。
5. 用作狀語
being done 用作狀語是一個(gè)比較重要的用法，主要用于句首表示原因，有時(shí)也表示其他關(guān)系（如時(shí)間等）。如：
Being unemployed, he hasn’t got much money. 由于他沒有工作，他沒有多少錢。
Being well taken care of, she recovered quickly. 由于受到很好的照顧，她的身體恢復(fù)得很快。
Being given a chance, she immediately jumped at it. 當(dāng)給她這個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)的時(shí)候，她立刻就抓住了。
注：有時(shí) being 可帶有自己的邏輯主語(構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu))。如：
The question being settled, we went home. 問題解決之后，我們就回家了。