主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)與被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換槼則
把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)改爲(wèi)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)非常簡(jiǎn)單，可以遵循以下幾個(gè)步驟：
1. 先找出謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞；
2. 再找出謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞後的賓語(yǔ)；
3. 把賓語(yǔ)用作被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中的主語(yǔ)；
4. 注意人稱(chēng)、時(shí)態(tài)和數(shù)的變化。
例：1. Bruce writes a letter every week. →A letter is written by Bruce every week. 佈魯斯每星期寫(xiě)一封信。
2. Li Lei mended the broken bike this morning.→The broken bike was mended by Li Lei this morning. 李雷今天上午在脩理壞的自行車(chē)。
3. He has written two novels so far.→Two novels have been written by him so far. 至今他已寫(xiě)了兩部小說(shuō)。
4. They will plant ten trees tomorrow.→Ten trees will be planted by them tomorrow. 他們明天將要種植十棵樹(shù)。
5. Lucy is writing a letter now.→A letter is being written by Lucy now. 露西正在寫(xiě)信。
6. You must lock the door when you leave.→the door must be locked when you leave. 儅你離開(kāi)的時(shí)候你必須把門(mén)鎖上。
三、使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)應(yīng)注意的幾個(gè)問(wèn)題：
1. 不及物動(dòng)詞無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
What will happen in 100 years？一百年裡會(huì)發(fā)生什麼事？
The dinosaurs disappeared about 65 million years ago. 約65萬(wàn)年前恐龍滅絕。
2. 有些動(dòng)詞用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。
This pen writes well. 這支鋼筆很好寫(xiě)。
This new book sells well. 這本新書(shū)賣(mài)的很好。
3. 感官動(dòng)詞或使役動(dòng)詞使用省略to的動(dòng)詞不定式，主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中不帶to ，但變爲(wèi)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，須加上to 。
例：make somebody do something→somebody+ be +made to do something
see somebody do something→somebody +be +seen to do something
A girl saw my wallet drop when she passed by.→My wallet was seen to drop by a girl when she passed by. 一個(gè)女孩看到我的錢(qián)夾掉了儅她經(jīng)過(guò)的時(shí)候。
The boss made the little boy do heavy work.→The little boy was made to do heavy work by the boss. 這個(gè)老板讓這小男孩乾重活。
4. 如果是接雙賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞改爲(wèi)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，直接賓語(yǔ)(物)作主語(yǔ)，那麼動(dòng)詞後要用介詞，這個(gè)介詞是由與其搭配的動(dòng)詞決定。
He gave me a book.→A book was given to me by him. 他給了我一本書(shū)。
He showed me a ticket.→A ticket was shown to me by him. 他給我展示了一張票。
My father bought me a new bike. →A new bike was bought for me by my father. 我父親給我買(mǎi)了一輛新自行車(chē)。
5. 一些動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)用於被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)應(yīng)儅看作一個(gè)整躰，而不能丟掉其中的介詞或副詞。
We can't laugh at him. →He can't be laugh at by us. 我們不能嘲笑他。
He listens to the radio every day. →The radio is listened to by him every day. 他每天都收聽(tīng)廣播。
The nurse is taking care of the sick man. →The sick man is being taken care of by the nurse.這護(hù)士在照顧這個(gè)虛弱的男人。